Automatic water heater



G. S. WALKER.

AUTOMATIC WATER-HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED sEPT. Is, I9I6.

14,404,249, Patented Jan. 24, 1922.

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. INVENTOR WITNESSES G. S. WALKER.

AUTOMATIC WATER HEATER. APPLICATIQN FlLED sEPT.16. 1916.

Patented J an. 24, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

TNVEVNTOR UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

GILBERT .S. WALKER, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

AUTOMATIC WATER HEATER.

T 0 @ZZ whom-Muay conce/rn.'

Be it known that I, GILBERT S. WALKER, a citizen ot the United States, residing at Pittsburgh, in the county o' Allegheny and State ot Pennsylvania, (whose post-otlice address is American Society ot Mechanical Engineers, 29 liVest- 39th Street, New York, N. Y.,) have invented a new and useful Improvement .in Automatic Tater Heaters, ot which the following is a specification.

My invention relates particularly to the regulation of the temperature of the water.

All automatic water heaters heretot'ore produced gave hot water that varied in temperature to an objectionable extent. When the pressure ot' the water supply tell below normal the temperature ot the' hot water would be above normal, in spite ot the tact that sensitive thermostats were provided to regulate the valves. High supply pressure also resulted in the hot water being below the normal temperature. The regulating devices frequently raced; that is, water too hot and water too cold was delivered alternately in a rythmical manner.

These automatic heaters also gave hotter water in the upper stories than in the basement and first story. This was just the reverse ot what is desired by the users. Hotter water is needed in the laundry and kitchen which are usually in the basement and first story, than is needed in the bath and lavoratories which are usually in the upper stories.

rThese heaters also operated much of the timerat less than their full capacity due 'to the fact that the tull amount ot' water could .not pass the valves at small differences ot water pressure` at'ter the heater had been sett'or greater difference ot pressure. The high price ot these heaters frequently induced the usci' to install one oftoo small a size, and for him then to find that 'it seldom gave even the rated amount ot water caused dissatisfaction.

l remedy these detects by combining two y Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan, 24, 1922,

Application filed September 16, 1916. Serial No. 120,451.

done, but it this movement ot B causes turther movement of A, trouble will come.

Temperature ot the water, velocity of the water, friction ot the water, diiference of water pressure, and back pressure ot the water in the hot water pipe, are the principal regulating torces utilized. The regulation is accomplished by restricting the flow ot gas to the burners or by restricting the tlow oit water through the heater.

t will be seen that there are necessarily a large number otl ways in which my improvementcan'be applied to any one heater and there ot heaters to which it. can be applied. I illustrate and describe a structure that will operate in more than one way, accomplishing, however, similar results. There are,

theret'ore, many parts shown that are equiva lents ot each other, and any one skilled in the art can readily eliminate many parts, combine others and reduce the structm'e to very simple it'orm.

Other important improvements will be pointed out farther on.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure l is a vertical section ot the right side ot the regulating mechanism, on line l-l of Figure 4.

Figure 2 is a vertical section through the parts ot the device nearest to the heater casing, on line 2 2 of Figure 4, looking away from the casing.

Figure 3 is a vertical section through the lett hand side ot the device, on line 33 ot Figure Figure -lis aplan showing the top of thc regulating mechanism.

Figure A is a diagram showing the pipe connections. The parts arc distort-ed tor thc sake oit clearness, but in a general way it is a developed view such as would be obtained by walking around the device starting from the right ot Fig. et.

Figure B shows the three point lever adjusted tor a ditferent mode ot operation.

Figure C shows the three point lever adjusted for still another mode ot operation.

Figure 5 is a vertical section through all the important parts ot a modified torm ot the regulating mechanism. It .is diagrammatical in form but suitable details and physical relations otl the parts will readily suggest themselves to'those familiar with this art.

are a large number of different kindsK Figure 5A shows the thermostat of the same l form.

Figure 5B shows the same form with the water valve disconnected. Figure 6 1s a vertical section of the thermostatic water valve and governor valve oiv ber and presses against a plate 5 on top of a graduating spring 6. This spring is in the form of a spiral helix in which the in'-v cr'ementfof deection divided by the increment of force is not constant, as in an ordinary helical spring, but decreases as the spring is compressed. The lower turns are very flexible but of small total movement while the upper turns are successively stiffer.

I' This form ot spring may be substituted at some of the places where ordinary springs are shown. This spring presses down upon the motor piston 7. The upper edge is provided with packing at 8. Attached -to the lower tace is a ring 7. The intervening port 9 is adapted to open communication through the port 9 and cock 11 with the pipes 10, 138 and WVO. The inlet chamber 12 is in communication with pipes 13 and 1 4, and through a Y hand adjusted water valve 13 with pipes 132 and 163. The lower end of the inlet chamber is closed by a screw head -15 'and a stufiing box 16. A stem 18 is connected at 17 to the motor piston 7 and passes through the stuiiing box. This stem is somewhat larger in diameter than usual sothat there will be an appreciable veffect due to the unbalanced bac-k pressure on the area ofthe stem. At the lower end of the stem isan arm 19 adapted to come in con tact with an adjustable stop 2() on a bracket 21 extending out romthe frame 1, for the purpose of limiting the movement of the motor piston so that the port 9 will be uncovered or not uncovered as desired. y The nication, through pipe 3, with the chamber 2, and is also in communication, through a Vgraduating valve 26, with pipes 27 and 97. The graduating valve 26 is adjusted so that the motor7. will move at the desired speed. The net area through the graduating valve is much less than through the open safety valve 22. The strength ot the safety valve spring 23 is such that it will be lifted and equalize stuffing box 32 on the screw headV 33. This .i

head closes the inlet gas `chamber 34 and canvbe turned to adjust the pressure on the spring 36 which presses downv the gas valve 37. This valve isV adjustably'attached at 38 to its stem 31 and is adapted to close on its seat 39 and cut ott' the flow of gas from the inlet gas pipe 35 and chamber 34 5to the chamber 40 and pipe 42.

The pipe 42 communicates with the inlet chamber 43 ot an auxiliary gasvalve 46. The end of the chamber 43 is closed by a screwplug 44 which also serves to adjust the spring 45 that closes the auxiliary gas valve 46 against its seat 47. The outlet gas chamber 49 is in communication with the pipe 50 which leads to the l burners of the water heater, not shown. The spring 51 urges the valve away from its seat. The pressure on the spring is regulated by turning the screw head 52 that carries the stuffing box 53. The valve is adjustably connected at 48 to it stem 54. Y

The upper end of the gas valve stem 54V is detachably connected to the yoke 55. The

lever 61. The yoke-has an arm 56 adapted to come 1n contact with adjustable stops 62` and 63 in the brackets 66 and 67 attached to the trame V1. The right hand end of the three point lever 61 is also adapted to come in contact with adjustable stops 64 and 65 in brackets 66 and 67 respectively. The thermostat 75 is of well known construction in which the end of the final lever 7 O moves upward against the pressure ot the springs as the temperature decreases, andVY this lever 7 O retreats downward as the temperature increases. The contact of 70 need not be One end of the three point lever 61 -is formed of a flat spring held at 85 to the main part of the lever 61. At the Vfree end of the flat spring there are adjustable stops 81 and 82 to limit its deflection. These stops are threaded through rigid arms 83 and 84 attached Vto the rest of the three point lever 61. spring per pound of force applied is adjusted by turning the screw 86 in or out and thus changing the point of support and the length ofthe part of the spring that is free. This vpermits `me to obtain any desired relation between the force applied and the corresponding movement of Vthe valve.

The diaphragm sqtem 90 lis detachably -connected to the yoke at 57. This stem passes through the stulling box 91 and is adjustably connected at 99 and 107 to the diaphragm 100. The screw cap 92 serves `to adjust the spring 98. The chamber 94 is in communication with. the pipe 95 and through the three-way cock 95 with either pipe 96 or pipe 97. The chamber 101 is in communication with the pipe 102 and through the three-way cock 103 with either pipe 104 or pipe v1057 or through cock 106 with the. air. The spring 108 which presses on the diaphragm is adjusted by the plate 109 and screw 110. Springs similarto 6 at the top of F ig. 1 are substituted `for springs 98 and 108 under certain conditions pointed out later on.

The end of the water valve stem passes through a hole 87 in the arm. 83 and rests on-spring 80. On the stem 120 is an arm 12-1 adapted to come in contact with two stops 122 and 123 attached to thel frame 1 ofthe heater.V The stem, `1201passes through a stu-ffing box 124 and is adjustably 'connected to the thermostat-ically operated piston valve 130. The chamber 126 communicates by `a pipe 127 with a three-way cock 127 having a port 128 openingfto the vair and a port 129 communicating withpipe 134. The piston valve 130 has its farther edge adapted to cover the port 131 which communicates with the pipes 132, 163, 13 and 14. Attached to this piston valve is a! stem 135 adjustably connecting a loosely itting'piston 136. The chamber 133 between the piston valve 130 and piston 136 communicates with pipe 134 and port 129. The space 'between the piston 136 and the cylinder walls is of such area that there will be an appreciable loss of pressure when the quantity of wat-er traversing it is that for which the heater is designed and there will, therefore, be an appreciable closing effect at the port 131. The spring 137 in the chamber 139 `tends to open the port in opposition to spring 125 in'chamber 126. This spring 137 is adjustable by means ot the screw cap 140. The chamber l39lis in communication with the pipe 138. and through cock 13S Yto pipes 10 and 70, and

The rate of deflection fof the vflaty through cock 155gto pipe 155. The screw 141 can be adjusted to keep the port 131 always pantly open.

governor water valve is shown at 1 50 to 178. The end of its outlet water chamber is closed by a plug 151 which can be screwed into the casing 153 more or less to adjust the force of the spring 154 upon the flexible diaphragm 158. There is a screwA 152 to limit the movement oft the plston valve 171. The chamber 150 communicates. through cock 156, with,v pipes 97 and 27, through cock 155 to pipe 138, and through cock 156 to lpipe 13 `and thence through valve 13 to pipe 163. The' diaphragm 158 separates the outlet chamber 150 from the intermediate chamber 162 which latter communicates with pipes 163, 132, 13 and 14.. The diaphragm is adjustabl-y connected by theL stem 164 to a loosely fitting piston 165 that partly obstructs the cylinder. 166. The area. of the annular water passage between it and the cylinder walls is lsuch that when the desired quantity of water flows the friction and difference of pressure on the two sides of this piston will be suicien't to move it and the attached piston valve 171 to regulate the flo-w of water. BelowA lthis piston the chamber 166 communicates with the pipes 167 and 174. Farther down the port 169 communicates: through .fpipe 170 wit-h the inlet pipe `VI. This port 169 is adapted to be closed by the piston valve 171 attached to the ste-m 168. The lowestchamber 172 communicates by a pipe 173 vwith theI threeway cock 173 having a port 175 opening into the air and a port 174 communicating with the pipe 167 to form-a by-pass about the piston valve 171 to balance it. The end ot' the chamber 172 is closed by a screw plug 178 carrying ascrew 177 to limit the piston valve travel. The plug may be screwed in or out to adjust the spring 176. This spring preferably should be graduated as en plained in connection withspring 6.

In the water inlet 'pipe WVI near 17 0 is a Pitot tube 180 having asmall opening facingthe flow of water. The impact of the molecules of moving water causes a slight increase in the pressure in t-he pipe 104 and chamber 101, above that in pipe 170. The amount of this increase in pressure measured in feet of head is found by taking the velocity of the water. in feet per second. squaring it and dividingby A64. The effect is small and the velocity, therei'ore,k must be made high and the diaphragm 100 on which it acts must be made large.

ln the pipe `WO is'another Pitot tube 184 to increase Vthe pressure in pipe 105 communicating through cock 103 with diaphragm chamber 101. l

At 182 there is a Venturi tube with the pla-ne of its opening parallel with the flow of water in the pipe 170. On account `of the restriction in the pipe 170 at this point due to the part 180 thel velocity of the water is high and the pressure is below normal by an amount equal to Jche velocity head (n22i-2g).

'155 and to chamber 150.

AThis pressure-is vtransmitted through pipe 96 and three-way cock 95 tol chamber 94.

There is also a similar Venturi tube at 188 in pipe WO transmittingits eii'ect through pipe 189 and cock 190 to pipes 97 27 and In the outlet pipe WO there is also an inspirator tube 186facing away from the` flowing j water. When the molecules of waterpass rapidly b-y the end of this tube they .tend to carry along with. them the neighboring molecules in the wake of the tube, thereby' producing a suction effect.v

The pressure in this tube will be lower than that in the Venturi tube 188. j will be transmitted through pipe 187, cock 190, to pipes 97, 27 and* 1155 and to cham ber 150. Y'

. Althoughit has been implied that all the apparatusV shown is 'on the cold water side of the heater, it should be understood that it may be placed on the Yhot water side so that the Vhot water from thev coil of the heater will enter the illustrated device and flow from it. direct to the hot water faucets. This will in no wise change the partsshown. The

Y apparatus may also Ybe divided and the heat- Veo.

ing coil interposed between the illustrated parts, and the partsrearrange'd. This last arrangement `is advantageous because the friction of the waterpassing through-the heating coil assists in the operation of some .of the parts. v This isalso true of the modivvalve stem 54 fromyoke 55, and leaving gas valve 48 open; theheater will nowk operate as a thermostatic water regulating system see Fig. B. Opening any hot water faucet will reduce the water pressure in the. hot, water pipes and in WO, 97, 27, 3 and cham. ber 2. The'motor piston 7 will be moved up' by the water at inlet pressure coming in through pipe WI, 170, port 169, pipe 163,

13 and chamber 12 below the motor piston. This movement of the motor piston will open the gas valve 37, start the burners and heat the waterin the heating coil, not shown. When the thermostat reaches the tempera-Vv ture for whichit is set, its end lever 70 will be lowered far enough to permit lthe spring 137 to open the water port 131. Vater will now flow from the inlet WI through` pipe 170, port 169, pipe 163, '132,' port 131, pipe 138, to the outletWO. As the temperature risesand fallsithe valve `130, onl which the water pressure is balanced 'through pipe 134, 129, cock-:127 and chamber 126, will be moved up and down by the ythermostat opening and. closing the port 131.- If the thermost. t gets much above normal temperature the valve 130willbe opened so -far that the water pres sure on the two sides of motor piston 7 will be equalized4 through chamber 12, pipes 13,

132, port 131,;pipes 138, 97, 27, 3 and ber 2;A This equalization of pressures'will permit springs 36 or 6 tofmove the motor piston 7 down and closethe gas valve 37. The temperature of theJ water will thus be regulated withinv'reasonable limits las long as the difference in pressure between the hot and cold water pipes does not vary over too large a range. I have found that when the difference of pressure is large the hot water will be cooler and 4when the difference of pressure is small the hot water will be hotter than normal.` This is due tothe fact that for each degree of temperatureat the thermostat Vthere. is a definite arear of water way at theport 131. But the quantity of water that passes. is not dependent solely on the area of waiter way but `is dependent Valso on the difference of pressure on the two sides of the port. I fthe'dilference of pressure varies much it is necessary'to provide an additional regulating means to insure uniformity of hot water temperature.

One such regulating means is the loose fittingI piston 136 which partly obstructs the flow of water fromthe chamber 133. There is a tendency for this obstruction to be carried` along with the' water and a consequent pull onV the valve 139- proportional to some function ofthe quantity of water liow ing past. The effect: is easily Vadjusted by spring137 when the thermostat is knot connected and the water flow can then be kept constant regardlessof the dierence of pressure.` But for the particular mode of operation now beingV explained, the thermostat must needs be attachedV and its elasticity must be taken into account. There is no doubt that theseparts can be properly pro'- portioned so they will operatev as intended without additional adjusting means, but too long a series of experiments would be necessary for each design. The spring of ad-f justable length is, therefore, introduced to facilitate the adjustment.

`At 165 is an obstruction to the water'flow, similar to that at 136. vThere is also Va piston valve 171 on which the water pressure is equalized through pipe 167, 174, cock 173 and chamber 172. If diaphragm V158 is removed or by-pass cock 156 opened, Vthe remaining parts can be' adjusted to regulate the water passing through the` heater to ya uniform flow which is more particularly desired when the thermostat regulates the gas valve as described later on, instead of regulating the water as now being described.

rllhe diaphragm 158 and the attached piston valve 171 are adapt-ed to maintain a uniform diiferenceot water pressure on the two sides of the port 131 no matter how much the pressures in the hot and cold water pipes vary. It will be observed that the chamber 150 above the diaphragm 158 is in communication through cock 155 with the chamber 133 on the outlet side of the thermostatically operated valve 130. The chamber 162 below the diaphragm 158 is in communication with the inlet side of the port 131 of the same valve 130 by way ofpipes 163 and 132. Any change in the difference of pressure on the two sides of the port 131 will cause the diaphragm to move and Y regulate the piston valve 171. Any increase in the difference of pressure at ,the thermostat valve 130, above that for which the governoiyspring 151 is adjusted, will cause the diaphragm 158 to close the piston valve 171 and nearly restore the normal difference of pressure. The uniformity of difference of pressure thus obtained at the port 131 enables the thermostat 75 to regulate the temperature of the water with only a moderate movement of the valve 130 and there is therefore only a small change. in temperature even with the greatest changes of total difference of pressure between the hot and cold water pipes. The amount of the difference of pressure at the port 131 is adjusted by the governor springs 151 and 176, and should be enough to keep the motor piston 7 up and the gas valve 37 open.

It will be seen that diaphragm 158 and its piston valve 171 limit the maximum dierence of pressure 4on motor piston 7 whether or not piston valve 130 is in use and so accomplishes the same purpose as safety valve 22, but in a different way.4

A different general mode of operation oi' the heater, well known in the art, results if the cock 11 is opened, but my invention can still beapplied in the same way. The opening of any hot `water faucet causes motor piston 7 to'move up and gas valve 37 to open as before. But when the port 9 in the motor piston 7 comes opposite the port 9 in the cylinder, a low of water is established from vl through pipe 170, port 169, pipe 163, 13, chamber 12, port 9, 9, pipe 10 to lVO. At the same time a flow of gas is established from Gl Vthrough pipe 35, port 39, pipe 42, open valve A16 `and pipe 5,0 to the burners. When thermostat 75 gets hot enough it permits spring 137 to o pen valve 130 and increase the flow of water through the heater by the amount that can ylow from VV through pipe 170, port 169, pipe 163, 132, port 131, pipe 138 tov WO. If the thermostat gets much above normal temperature the valve 130 will be opened so wide that the dilference of pressure on the motor piston 7 will be reduced and the gas kvalve 37 closed.

The pipes 163, 13, port 9, pipe 10, etc., will cause enough friction to produce a difference of pressure on the two sides of the diaphragm 158. The spring 154 is adjusted to keep port 169 open in spite of this and allow the rated Vamount of water to How through the heater. When the thermostat 75 gets above normal temperature the port 131'will be opened, the pressure will be partly equa-lized on the two sides of the diaphragm 158, the piston valve 171 will be opened farther, and more. water will pass through the heater. This regulation by Athe thermostat would be more effective if communication from chamber 139 to pipe 1V() were closed at cock 138 and this chamber 139 connected to chamber 150 by opening cock 155. The ports 189 and 97 of cock 190 then could be partly closed so that if the thermostat got too hot-the pressure on the two sides of the motor piston 7 would be equalized through pipe 13, port 131, cocks 155 and 156, graduated valve 26, and the gas valve 37 would be closed. yTithout this modification the effect is obtained to a suffi-- cient degree for the purpose.

Thus far it has been assumed that spring 36 or some other simple spring operates the motor piston 7 and that stop 20 limits the upward movement to just what is necessary to open gas valve 37 and port 9 if the latter is in use. A moderate difference of pressure on motor piston 7 moves it as far as it will go and holds it there. If the safety valve 22 is held shut and the spiral helical spring 6 is brought down into action by the screw 4, then the regulation will be different. Owingvto the vform of spring 6 its deflection is large when a small force is applied but the deflection does not increase very much when the force becomes larger. By winding this spring to the proper contour it can be made to give the desired gas valve opening at 37 for every difference of water pressure, it being remembered that the flow of water through a given orilice is approximately proportional to the square root of the difference of pressure. A long series of experiments will be necessary for any given heater if thc` spring is to function correctly over a wide range ot difference of pressure. The two .springs 6 and'36 however, can be readily adjusted to suit a'limited range of difference ot pressure. by using the adjustments 1 and 33 to shift the load from one spring to the other to obtain any desired rate of deflection per pound ot load without changing the total load. The flow of gas through the valve 37 may be thus proportioned to the flow of water through the heater. It is preferable that the parts be adjusted to over regulate slightly so that the water will be hotter than normal when the flow is large to use two springs 6 and 36 jointly operating and cooler. than normal when the iioW is small.

.lt the screw stop 2O is backed off 'far enoughto permit the motor piston 7 to move up so tar that the ring 7 Awill partly close the port 9 after the gas valve 1s ullyopen,

Vthen the tloiv ot Waterrthrough the heater canbe regulated by the dili'erence `of lWater pressure. The spring 6 should be so vmade that for all differences ot Water pressure on the piston 7, the port opening at 9 for the passage ot' water ivillbe proportional tothe reciprocal of the4 square root of the yence ot Water pressure (A=C-:-1/plp).

Then the'flow of Water through the heater will be nearly constant. Such a spring is Veasily compressed by a small load and a small diii'erence of pressure on tliepiston will fully open the port 9. VArmoderate difference of pressure moves the piston a little `farther up and causes the ring 7 to partly Y close the port 9.r W'ith greater difference of pressure the resistance ot the spring, on

account et its form, increases very rapidly andl no reasonable pressure upward Will close vthe port entirely. The limitscreu7 20'is alsothat lOWsWhen the diii'erence ot pressure is large. lTomalre a spring` 6 that .Will pertectly meet the conditions for a given heater will require many experimentalA windings. lilathematical treatment is too complicated and only approximate. I preter, therefore,

the piston. `With a few trial windings, satisfactory results can he obtained over a moderate range of difference .of Watcrpressure,1V by shitting the load partly "from one sin-ing tothe other, thus `changing the deflection rale without changing the load.

Turning cock 95 to connect pipe 95 with 97 and turning cock 103 to connect pipe 102 with 104` the chamber 101 above the diafphragmflfl() will hein-commiuncatlon with the inlet Water pipe lVl. and the chamber 94 below the diaphragm will be in Vcommunication with l he outlet water pipe WVO. The diaphragm will be subjected to the difference et pressure between these tivo pipes.

lMovement of thel diaphragm will be trans .mitted by lever 61 to piston valve 130, and

the Water flow will he regulated by the difference ot pressure it the springs are made as previously explained. The thermostat will also join in the regulation of the piston valve 130.

By connecting stem 54 toyoke 55, screwing point 60 up tree from lever 61 and adjustinglythefscrevvi64 into contact vvitli Jthe endet' lever-61, as shown in Fig. A, the diaphragm 100 will operate gas valve 46 and regulate the iioW of gas in accordance with.;

.supply and piston valve l1,30 Willlremain closed. This general vmode of operation is well knownA in the art, although its lequivalent is perhaps better known' in which the thermostat 75 and the piston 7 are connected by suitable means to operatel a single.V gas valve. My invention isv applicable as be fore. The difference ot Water pressure on diaphragm 100 and the thermostat 75. Will act jointly to vregulate the flow otgas at 46.

Although previously explained, attention is again invited at this timeto the piston valve 171 which, when operatedby the diaphragm 158, will keep a uniform difference 'ot pressure on the port 9 or on the hand adjusting Water. valve .713 commonly used on this lnnd otheatenand will thus 4insure a uniform flow ot Water at the rated capacity of the heater, say 4 gallons per minute, no

matter how the conditions vary. lith this uniform oiv Voi: Water the thermostat, even though not very sensitive, will easily keep the temperature of the Water Within narrow limitshy. regulating the flow ot gas atV 46. `With the hand operated water regulating valves heretofore used, more than 4 gallons of Water a minute was deliveredin the basement and lessl than 4 in the upper stories. This caused a corresponding variation in the temperature ofV the Water Which the thermostat could not entirely correct, and it also caused a reductionin the capa-city ot the heater during muchV of the time it was in use. lVly governor valve remedies these delccts. Any change inthe quantity ot' Water `l'lmvingthrough the restriction at 9 VWillrnour change the ditte-rence ot pressure ou the Vdiaphragm 15S and move the piston valve 11.71 until the flow.. ispniade normal again, The regulationto flgallonsot Water per minute Acan also bei accomplished Without,theV diaphragm 158, thei'rictiou and suction ot., the Water passingfpiston K165 regulating the piston valve 171.4 In Fig. 7 is YVshown avery simple form of governor valve which can be suhstitutedfor parts 150 to 177-.,` ,l Y

' When it is desired that the hot vvater 4for the upperstories be not so hotas that tor the basement and lower stories the three-Way cock 173 is turned to establish communication trom chamber 172 to the atmosphere Aat 17 The piston valve 171 now will be unbalanced. The back pressure from the hot Water pipes tends to open port 169 but spring 176 is brought intoaetion to balance this effectuntil the piston valve 171 operates as before, .With the diference however, that every change in back pressure Vchanges the adjustment. The greater the back pressure the more opening at port 169, hence very hot Water on the lower loorsand progressively cooler Water for floors above. The thermostat may regulate the flow ofivater at 131 or the HOW of O'as at Z16, but it should not be vtoo sensitive because it tends to keep the water vat uniform temperature, and overcomes, to a great extent, the altitude adjustment.

lith the parts adjusted so that the thermostat 75 regulates the gas supply at 16 and the left end of the three point lever 61 supported on'the frame 1 by the stop 88, see Fig. C, the pistonrvalve 130 is free to regulate the flow of Water through the by-pass 132, 131, 138. Turning-the three-Way cock 127 to establish communication from the chamber' 126 to the air at 128 or loosening the stuliing box 124, this piston valve 130 will respond to the back pressure in the hot ivater pipes as described-for piston valve V171. Considerable Water will be permitted to go through the .by-pass when Water is drawn on anupperoor and little or none ivhen water is draWn in the basement. It is preferable that pipe 138 be closed by cock 138 from pipe 10 andconnected to the hot Water pipe on the opposite side of the heater so that the small amount of Water that goes through the by-pass will not go through the thermostat. This by-pass Water Will .then dilute and cool the hot Water and the thermostat Will not neutralize the eifect of the altitude adjustment.

It preferred the governor valve may be eliminated, chamber 126 still being exposed to the air and the piston valvey 130 being unbalanced.' lVith thermostatic Water regulation, if hotwvater is now drawn on a lower floor the effect of the back pressure 'from the hot Water pipes is reduced much more than if the Water is drawn on an upper floor.

The extent to ivhich the port 131' is closed is determined by the back pressure in thehot Water pipes and the spring adjustment. The temperature at which the lthermostat ivill permit the port 131 to be reopened is Valso determined by the altitude at which the water is drawn. The amount of the back pressure effect is adjusted by spring 137 and screw 86 at spring 80. This will vbe understood by observing that when no hotwvater is being drawn the pressure Ain chamber 133 and throughout the hot Water piping of the house will be equal to the pressure in the cold Water pipes. There is no Water in chamber 126,V and the force of spring 137 plus the Water pressure in chamber 133 is lthus holding port 131 open.

heater up to the open faucet. The reductionV in pressure will permit springs 125 and 80 to close port 131 against the spring 137 and the remaining Water pressure in chamber 133. Now as the thermostatv is heated, its levers move so that the upward pressure of spring 80 is gradually reduced, and spring 137 and the Water pressure push the piston down until the port 131 is opened. The temperature at which the port opens is dependent partly on the back pressure in chamber 133 and therefore on the elevation at Which the hot Water is drawn.

F or gas regulation, the piston 130 is adjusted so port 131 remains covered or pipe 132 is closed, and with gas valve 46 connected to lever 61 the rback pressure on piston 130 acts jointly with the thermostat 75 to regulate the gas supply at 46 in accordance with the altitude and temperature.

Instead lof applying the back pressure eftect to piston valve 130, cock 95 may be turned to4 open pipe 95 to 97, cock 103 turned to close all ports, and cock 106 opened to the air. The chamber 101 above diaphragm 100 is now in communication with the air and chamber 94 below .the dia-.

phragm is in communication with the hot Water pipes 97 and WVO. The diaphragm being large, a great movement is produced :tor a small change in back pressure. The total movement is limited by stops 62 and 63. By properly adjusting the springs 108,

etc., a sudden change Ain the Water temperature is effected at any desired altitude. For example the Water for the basement and first floor may be 160O F. and that for all floors above these may be 140o F. The parts' may be connected so that either the water at 131 or the gas at 46 is adjusted-by the altitude effect. o

The large stem 18 of the piston 7 is exposedto the unbalanced pressure from the hot Water pipes and either gas valve 37 or water valve 7 may be changed by the altitude at which the hot Water is drawn.

It the three-Svay cock 95 is turned to establish communication between pipe 97 and chamber 94, and the three-way cock 103 is turned to establish communication between pipe 105 and chamber 101, then excessive flow of Water past 186 in pipe WVO will move diaphragm 100 down and partly close port 131 of the thermostatic piston valve. thus regulating the flow of Water through the heater. The flow of gas at 46 may be regulated bythe same means.

A similar regulation of the gas at 46 or the'waterat 131, in proportion-to the velocity of the water passing at YVV is ob- *tained by turning cock 95 to open pipe 96 to 95', and turning cock 103' to open pipe 102 to tube 104. j When the governor water valve 150 to '-178 is in operation, it should be noted that the chamber 150 above the diaphragm is in communication with the outlet pipe TO through the tube 188. vHence the pressure on the diaphragm is reduced by the velocity fvheadand it will be seen that excessive flow of water will close slightly the port 169 and reduce the flow', thus assisting in the regulation oli' the temperature.v When the threegas valve 37 will be held Iifully open as long as the flow 'of water through the heater is normal'. lf, however, the ilow is small for f any reason while -the temperature yis high,

"37 will close. and gas valve are preferably operated by vspring36 ratherv than by the graduated spring 6.

4the difference of pressure between chambers 2 and-12 will be reduced and the gas valve For this the motor piston 'l Referring tothe modified form olf heater shown diagrammatically in Fig. 5, a combination water motor, water valve and gas valve is shown at 201, which numeral desigf'nates particularly the inlet chamber of the Y 40' water motor communicatingwith the inlet pipe 202. Carefully vfitted in the chamber isa piston 206 adapted to close the port 203 which:communicates with the pipe 204 and through a cock 205lwith 335 and 362.

Through the piston is a passage 207 fittedl with a safety valve 208 adapted to be closed against the water pressure by a spring 210.

' The other end of this spring rests on the collarl 211 adjustably threaded on the valve v,stem 220. This" spring 210 is adjusted so that the'valvef-will open when the difference oil' pressure between the chambers 201 and 214 exceeds that necessary to overcome the main spring y213 and the |lriction. It thus limits the forcethat opens the gas valve 236. The spring 213 bears against the pistonV 206 and vfascrew head 217 and the force is adjusted by yturningthe head.l Chamber 214 communicatesfwith pipe 215 and through the nearly closed valve 216 with pipel 385. The safe valve 208 is guided to its seat 207 by a stem 209, and the collar`211 is guided by the stud 212. The valve stem 220 is attached Yto the piston 206 by a rotatable connection 219 so that the stem may b@ turned ,t0 adjust the safety valve spring. 210. Thevalve 222 adapted to Vcome in contact with stop screws 223 fand 224 invk brackets 225 and 226 on the frame. These stops can be adjusted so port 203 will be uncovered or not, as desired. Y

Into boss 221 is also screwed'a gas valve stem 230 whichY passes through a 'stuffing box v231 and Vis adjustably connected to a gas valve 236. A head 232 closes the end of the gas outlet chamber 233 communicating with the pipe 234. Turningthe screw head 232 adjusts the pressure of the spring 235. The valve is adapted to close o'n'its seat 237. The inlet chamber 239 communicates with the gas inlet pipe 240. The screw head 241 that closes the lower endolf chamber 239 also adjusts the spring238 and carries a valve limit stop 242.

An auxiliary gas valve is shown at 243 which numeral designates more particularly the inlet gas chamber communicating with the pipe 234. The end of this chamber is closed by a screwhead 244 which also serves to adjust the force of a spring 246. It carries a screw 245 to limit the movement ofthe gas valve'247. An outlet gas chamber 250 communicates with Va pipe 251 conducting gas to the burners. A spring 249 adjusted by the screw head 252 urges the valv'e 247 from its seat 248. VAidjustably connected to the gas valve is a stem 254-passing through a stuffing boX 253 and detachably connected to a yoke 255. Ontheyoke is a knife edge 256 in contact with the three point lever 261. A thermostat 275, Fig. 5A, operates compound levers.A kThe end 270 ofthe last compound lever exerts lforce downward against the three point lever 261 when the thermostat is cooling and' yields when it is getting warmer. One of the levers may be elastic and may have means for changing elastic rate. The `three point lever is also Vin contact with the valve stem at 256 and with the diaphragm stem at 260. The contact-ot 270 is not necessarily midway between the two stems nor intermediate between them. VIt may be beyond either ofi them and is determined in .each case vvby the relative sizes and motions ot the thermostat, valves and motor. VThe knife edge 260 Y is threadedon the diaphragm stem 290 and The --mainV parts 290Y tof 311 olf the dia- Y phragm motor arelike the'parts 90 to 111 'in Fig. 2,4` the.- last two charactersof the numerals' being the same'inboth drawings. rlhe water connections, however, aredilerent. YThe upper diaphragm chamber 301 is in communication with pipes 302 andv 391, and through cock 383 it vcan be putin com.

municationjwith the inlet pipe -WI at 382 or through cock 390 it can be put in communication with the outlet pipe TVO at 388. The lower diaphragm chamber 294 is in communication with pipe 295, `and through cock 297 it can be put in communication with the atmosphere, or through cock 296 it can be put in communication with pipes V355 and 381, and at 380 with` the inlet pipe TVT.'

The upper end 321 of yoke 255 is detachably connected to the water valve stem 320. This stein passes through a stutling box 324 and is adjustably connected to the valve boss 327. A proportioning spring presses on the boss 327 and its pressure can be adjusted Y by screwing the head 323 more or less into the chamber 325. The boss 327 isv attached to the valve 330 by a shank 329V which is open to allow the water to pass through the center opening 334. The valve 330-331 is double and nearly balanced; the lower valve 330 closing on its seat 332 against the water pressure, and the upper valve 331 closing on its seat with the water pressure.

There is a central passage through theotl the water way between valve seat 333 and the shell that connects 330 with 331 must also be proportioned to suit the capacity ot the heater. The spring' 339 is adjusted by the screw plug 340 and the litt ot the valve is limited by the screw stop 341. The central chamber 335 communicates with pipe 363 and through cock 205 communicates with pipe 2041. The upper chamber 336communi- Cates through cock 337 with the cold water suppl)v pipes TVT and 202. and through cock 338 with pipes 355 and 381.

A water motor operated governor valve is shown at 350 which indicates more particularly .the upper chamber. Its upper end is closed by a'screw head 351 carrying a screw 352 adapted to limit the movement ot the piston 359. Turningthe head adjusts the pressure on the graduating spring A pipe 355 communicates with the chamber 350 and with the water inlet 71 at 380. The chamber 362 below the piston communicates with the pipe 363 and through 384 with pipe 385 and through cock 205 with pipe 20j-1. There is a cup leather 358 between the piston 359 and the head 357 held by a screw 356. To the lower side of the piston is Jfastened a valve 37,1 adapted to close the port 369. The valve is preferably ot smaller area than chamber 368l when the water is flowingthrough at the full capacity of the heater. The port 369 communicates with the pipe 370 and pipe 1V() leading to the upper end ot the lheating coil. In the lower chamber 368 there is a spring 376 tending to open the valve. A screwplug 378 closes this chamber and also serves to adjust the compression of the spring 376. There is also a screw 377 to limit the movement of the valve.

At 387 there is a restriction in the outlet pipe 370-WO adapted to cause the water to flow at a high velocit-y across the end ot' the small tube 388 and cause a reduction of pressure in the tube 389. The restriction is so shaped as to'causey as little friction as possible, as in the well known Venturi meter. The pipe 389-391 is provided with a cock 390 through which the pressure is vtransmitted to the diaphragm 300.

At'38-t in the intermediate pipe 363 a suction effect is produced in another manner well known in other arts. It will be understood that the forms 388 and 384 are equivalent means and one may be substituted tor the other. The tube 384;w connects with pipe 385 and through cock 216 with motor chamber 214. The suction effect assists in keeping the gas valve 236 open when water is iiowing through the heater rapidly but permits it to close it the i'low is'slow.

At 380 is a small tube theend ot' which faces the flow ot water and produces a pressure in the pipe 381 higher than the static pressure in the main pipe WT. Thisv is well known in other arts as a Pitot tube. The tube 380 connects with the larger pipe 381 which in turn connects with pipe 355 and through cock 338 with chamber 336 and through cock 296 with chamber 294.

Vhere the tube 380 restricts the flow ot water pipe in TVT, there is a Venturi tube 382 communicating through cock 383 with pipe 302. v

Operation of Fig. 5, by thermostatic control ot the vflow of water, when cocks 205, 296, 297. 338. 383 and 390 are closed, the remaining cocks 337 and 216 are open, the latter only part way, and the auxiliary gas valve 247 disconnected at 255 and left open. Now when a hot water faucet is opened some cold water will flow from the inlet XVI through pipe 202 to chamber 201. At the same time a corresponding amount ot water will flow out ot chamber 211, through pipe 215, partly open cock 216. pipe 385. pipe 363, 1

chamber passage 366. `sort 369. outlet pipe XVC, and hence through the heater coil and out at the open faucet. The resulting movement et' the piston 206 opens the gas valve 236. The difference orn pressure on the 2oY Y j 'l let pipe and variations ofdirect pressure in Vthe cold water inlet pipe.

two sides of the governor piston 359 will move it against the spring 376 and nearly closethe port 369. Complete closure is prevented by screw 37'7. As the thermostat gets hot, valve 330--331 will be opened, diaphragm pressure between chambers 350 and 362, and therefore between chambers 336 and 335.

This uniform difference of pressure enables the thermostat to` accurately regulate theY flow of water in proportion to the heat .sup-

plied by the burners and deliver hot water at `uniform temperature regardless of variations in back pressure inV the hot water out- A uniform pressure' is also kept ,on the motor 206 and the safety valve 208 can be dispensed with.Y It

should also be noted that the inlet water pressure tends to close water valve 330-331 by the unbalanced pressure on its stem 320.

Amery rapid iiow of water through the passage 366 tends to close theA port 369. lt also tends to close the valve 330-331 due to the friction and loss of pressure through passage 334,-and the elasticity of the thermostat or interposed spring. n

The Pitot tube at 380 also increases the pressure slightly in chamber 350 and tends toclose port 369. It will be'understood that any one of these velocity means is suflicient for the purpose and they are intended as alternative ways of regulating. There is also an increased suctioneffect from 384 tendingk to open gas valve 236 which can be made to regulate the'gas supply if a gradu ating spring is used;

-If it is desired that the hot water on `the upper floors of the house be notfquite so hot as on the first floor ,and basementV then cocks 297 and 390 are opened and stops 262 and 263 are set to limit the effect. The large back pressure remaining'on when the water is being drawn on an upper iioor will be communicated to chamber 301 while chamber 2911 is in communication with the air.

. The resulting movement of the diaphragm 300 will be transmitted by the lever 261 to the water valve B30-331 and more water will pass, resulting in somewhat cooler water notwithstanding the fact that the thermostat is trying to keep the temperature uniform.

If cock 296 is opened instead of 297. all parts perform the functions just described except diaphragm 300. There .is now inletv water pressure in chamber 294. Variations in the difference of' pressure between the inlet 4VI and theA outlet TO will move the lever 261 andv adjust the Vwater valve 330- 331, thus assisting the thermostat. l/Vith piston 358 and its valve 371 assisting, there is no difficulty in adjusting the device. But if screw 37 7 .is turned home to put valve 371 out of commission, then springs 308 an-d 326 must'be graduated to'givethe proper detlecV The diaphragm 300 will move the lever'261Y and water v'alve330-33'1 in a direction to restrict the iiow of water atY 332'and 333 toI normah'and assist thethermostat in its efforts to keep the temperature normal. The

piston 358 and its valve 371 also assist the regulation but Aif they are eliminated the otherk parts can still be adjusted to give good regulation.

Operation of the heater by indirect thermostatic regulation 'of the water iiow will take place with cocks'296, 297, 337, 390 and' 383 closed,`and cocks 205, 216, 338, etc., open.

Now when a hot water faucet is opened cold water iiows from the inlet NVT, through pipe 202 into chamber 201. A likeamount of water will flow outyof chamber 214, through cock 216, pipe 363, chamber 362, passage 366, po'rt369, pipe l/VO, hence through the heater to the open faucet. This flow moves piston 206 down and opens the gas valve 236 and also uncovers port 203. The water now flows from inlet lVI through pipe 202, chamber 201, portV 203,'pipe'20l, cock 205, pipe 363, chamber 362, passage 366port 369, pipe WO, heater coil, not shown, and out at the'open faucet. Y limited to the capacity of the heater by two The ow of water is means. Too large a flow through 366 will Y close port 369 more or less and'limit the flow. Too large a flow at PitotV tube 380 will increase the pressure in chamber 350 and close port 369 more or less. lVhen'the thermostat is hot, valve 330#331 will be opened, equalizing the pressures Vin chambers 350 and 362, and allowingv port 369 to be uncovered more with consequentV increase of water flow. Diaphragm 300 can be also l will equalize the pressures on the -tWo sides of the piston 206 andv so close theV gas valve 236.

In all the above cases the auxiliary Ygas valve 246 may be connected as a safety device. Screw'stop 341'wil1 be backed off so that' if the thermostat v275 gets overheated the gas-will beshut off at 247. I Operation of the heater shown V1n Fig. 5

three different ways -falready pointed out.V

Any oneof these is sufficient and the other parts may be omitted. It also lhas the novel feature that the thermostat Ymay be assisted in regulating the gas supply by the diaphragm 300 operated bythe velocityof the water or by the pressure as :already pointed out, 'and the vother novel' features are still operative. Y j

In Fig.' 6 `is shown another modified form of a part of my invention, in which the governor valvepa'nd thermostat valve are put in the same chamber to simplify .the structure. The gas valve and motor are not shown but are of well known' construction or like those shown in connection with the previously described forms. 'Y

A well known kind of thermostat is shown, 400 being the outer tube, 401 the inner copper tube, 402 the hot water outlet, and 403 a porcelain rod. This rod bears on the adjusting screw 404 in lever 406. The lever fulcrums at 405, and the end 407 of its arm bears on lever 410. This second lever fulcrums on the rpointofthe adjusting screw 408 tapped through a part ofthe Aframe 409. rihe arm of lever 410 is pressed by the end of valve stem 411. The stem passes through stuffing box 412, through chamber 413. and -is adjustably connected to vpiston valve 415 and stop nuts 421 and 422. The inlet water enters from pipe 414 to the chambers 417 and'426. j The valve '415 is adapted to close port 418 which communicates by pipe 419 with chamber 428. The spring 420 opens valve 415 and keeps a strain on the thermostat. vThe relative motion of-valves 415 and 434 is limited bythe adjustable nuts 421 and 422 coming in contact with socket 423. vA soft packed vpistonv is shown at 427 which is joined the shank 430 to the loosely fitted piston 431, and to thevalve 434-haVingholes 433 to admit water. The upper edgeV of valve 434 is adapted to close poi't 439 communicating with the loutlet water pipe 440. The spring 441-*opens both valves.V 'It adjusted by screw plug 442. There-is amotion limit'at 437 in cap436.

'Willen a 'hot water faucetis opened the unbalanced .pressure on piston 427 will close port 439. When the lwater motor, not shown, opens'l the gas valve Vand the thermostat gets hot the vspringf420'will open port 418 `and increaseA the pressure in chamber 428. The reduced difference of pressure on piston 425'Will permit`spring`441 to open port'439 just enough' to keep a uniform difference of pressure between chambers 417 and 428 enabling the thermostat to accurately regulate the'iiow of 'water .regardless ofthe total difference of pressure `between 414'and 440. Changes in eithervalve assist the regulation of the other through the pressure of the" spring 420, and extreme'movement of either. will move the other' by the limit nut 421 or 422.'

Rapid flow 'of water assists lthe regulation bythe friction, etc., at 416 andv 431. L

I claimt' j *1. In an automaticwaterheater, lthe combination of a means for automatically establis'hing a flow of fuel to the burner upon the opening of a `hot water faucet, a thermo static means for regulating the temperature ofthe hot water, and a water motor actuated means for regulating 'thetemperature of the hot water. v' I j 2. In a water heater, the combination of a thermostatically operated water valve, and a water pressure actuated Vwater valve adapted to regulatethe pressure of the water and automatically maintain a nearly uniform difference of water pressure on the thermostatically operated water valve.

3.' In an automatic water heater, the

combination of a valve adapted to regulate the temperature of the hot water, a thermostat voperativelyV connected therewith,` 'a water motor actuated by difference of water pressure, and 'means actuated bythe water motor adapted to restrict the flow of water through the heater as the difference of water pressure increases.'

4. In 'an vautomatic water heater, the combination of a piston actuated by the difference Vbetween the pressure `in the cold water pipe and the pressure in. the hot water pipe. aI means actuated by the pistou for establishing a. Viiow of water through the heatena means actuate'd'by the piston for establishing a flow of gas to the burner., a thermostat` responding Vto the temperature of the hot'V water, means actuated by the thermostat for varying the flow of gas to regulate the temperature of the hot water,

,and a second means orregulating the temperature of the hot water, said second means being actuated by water pressure.

5. In an automatic water heater, thecombination of a pipe conducting water through the heater, two valves onsaid lpipe with the water passing consecutively through both, a thermostat adapted to operate one .of the valves, a water motor adapted to operate the other valve, communication from one side of the Water motor tothe outlet of the thermostatically operated valve.k

G,- Inan automatic water heater, the combination of a thermostat responding to the temperature ofthe hot water, means operated thereby for regulating the tempera-A ture of the hotfwater, a water motor responding tozthe pressure Vvin the hot water pipe independently of the inlet pressure, and means operated therebyV for changing .the ltemperature aty which the thermostat operates. I y

7.Inan automatic water heater, the combination oa thermostat, a valve operated thereby, a water motor one side of which is exposed to the air and the other side `of which is connected with the hotwater outlet pipe, means for .limiting the efectof, the water moto-r, and means opera-ted by the water motor Vfor changing lthe l adjustment ot the thermostat so thatk its Valve will be closed at a differentv temperature if the hot water is being drawn fromabove aprede- Vtermined altitude than if the water is being drawn froma point below that altitude.

8. In an automaticwaterv heater, the com-V bination of a cylinder, a piston itted'within the cylinder, a port adapted to be V fully open to permit free flow of water through the heater only when fthepiston is iin an in termediate position, Va graduated spring operating the piston, and a gas valve operated by the piston.v v y i I 9. In an automatic Valve mechanism. a spring having the form'of a spiral heliX,one

f part of the spring being, very flexible'but of small total movement and the rest of the spring of progressively less flexibility, in

i' combination with a helical Spring, and a valve operated jointly by the' two springs,k

A 10. In an automatic water heater, a water valve, an actuating means for. said water valve, a spring, one end of which is operatively connected to the water valve and the other end of which is operatively connected to the actuating means, and anA adjustable support for saidspring adapted to vary the effective length of said spring.:V J p 11. In an automatic wa-terheater, the combination of a thermostat, a water valve operated thereby, fa water motor V.actuated bythe difference of water pressure, and a spring connecting the water motor withthe thermostatically operated water valve to enable the water motor to assist the thermostat to regulate the flow of water through the Y heater. j

12. In anautomatic water heater, a water regulating device consisting of a cylinder, a valvetherein to control lthe iow of water, a member` attached to the valve the member beingadapted .tov p artlyl obstruct the flow of water and cause the lowing water to exert a. closing force on the valve, a spring exerting an opening force on the valveand a thermostat 4kadapted to automatically varyr the adjustmentof said water Vregulating dev vice.

13. In anautomatic water heater, the combination of a pipe conducting water through theheater, avalve, a water motor adapted toI operate the valve, two water passages establishing,communication independently of eachother between the pipe and the two sides: of the water motor, :the end ofk one of the passages connecting with a tube projecting into the pipeV and having vthe plane ot asV its opening rwithinjthe pipe perpendicular to Y the flow of water in the pipe so lthat the pressure of thev water'jwithinsaid passage will varyxacco'rding tothe velocity of the water vin thefpipe. j Y

14. In an automatic water heater, the combination of a pipe conducting water through theheatena restricted passage in said pipe adapted to` cause Vthe water to flow `at increased Velocity, a small lateral water passage across the end oit' which the water flows at high velocity, a water motor one side of Vwhich communicates` with this passage, a

communication from the other lside of the water motor to an adjacent part ofthe pipe wherethe velocity ofthe water'is less, and a water valve in said pipe operated bythe motor. s

15. In anautomatic water heater, the combination cfa thermostatic means for regui latingthe temperature of the hotwater, a water motor actuated means forrregulating the temperature of the hot water, and means independent of said'water motor for automatically establishing a flow of fuely to the burner upon theopening of a hot,A -water Vmaintain a substantially uniform flow of Water, and a thermostatic mechanism adapted to automatically change the adjustment of said Water Valve.

18. In an automatic Water heater, the combination of a Water motor actuated by difference of Water pressure, a Water valve actuated thereby, and mea-ns actuated by the kinetic energy of flowing Water for varying the pressure on the Water motor in proporf tion to the velocity of the Water.

19. In an automatic Water heater, the combination of a Water motor, means for establishing a dil'erence of pressure on the two sides thereof, means actuated by the water motor for putting the heater in operation, and means actuated by the kinetic energy of flowing Water to regulate the temperature of the Water.

20. In an automatic Water l1eate1',tl1e combination of an inlet, an outlet, means actuated by the difference in Water pressure between the inlet and outlet for putting the heater in operation, and means actuated by the Water pressure in the outlet for regulating the temperature of the Water. A

2l. In an automatic Water heater, an inlet, an outlet, means actuated by the difference in Water pressure between the inlet and outlet for putting the heater in operation, and means actuated by the Water pressure in the outlet for regulating the heat supply.

GILBERT S. WALKER.

Witnesses J. I). C. MILLER, @SCAR L. WEBER. 

